佛学上指世间生、老、病、死、怨憎会、爱别离、求不得、五盛阴等八种苦果。
《大般涅槃经.卷上》:「汝等当知此八种苦及有漏法。以逼迫故,谛实是苦。」
英语 the eight distresses - birth, age, sickness, death, parting with what we love, meeting with what we hate, unattained aims, and all the ills of the five skandhas (Buddhism)
德语 Dukkha (Sprachw)